The dissociative chemisorption and energetically driven migration of atomic hydrogen on heterogenous electrocatalysts, i.e., hydrogen spillovers, which occur during electrochemical turnovers, have been intensively investigated recently on high-performance electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction. The elucidation of the hydrogen spillover not only reshapes the mechanistic understanding of the catalytic landscape but also aids in formulating efficient reaction pathways for catalyst designs. This perspective hence concisely summarizes the status of research on the hydrogen spillover effect in recent years, as well as the experimental methods to characterize the hydrogen spillover process and presents a prospect for future research direction.

Two novel fluorenyl-porphyrins 2Flu-TPP and 4Flu-TPP serving as charge trapping elements are designed and synthesized through BF ₃.Et ₂O catalyzed Friedel-Crafts reaction. With steric hindrance building blocks of fluorene units, 2Flu-TPP and 4Flu-TPP present highly nonplanar 3-dimensional structure, which could effectively inhibit molecular packing and intermolecular arrangement of porphyrins. As charge trapping elements, porphyrin groups provide the hole trapping sites, while fluorene units act as a hole blocking group to reduce the formation of leakage current paths. The pentacene-based organic field effect transistor memory devices based on 2Flu-TPP and 4Flu-TPP show memory windows of 48.93 and 49.20 V, respectively. The 2Flu-TPP device shows reliable endurance property with a large ON/OFF current ratio (1.1×10 ⁷) and good charge retention time (2.41×10 ⁵ after 2×10 ³ s). This study suggests that porphyrin based steric hindrance small molecular elements have great promise for high-performance organic field effect transistor memory.

Purely organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials are promising candidates for high-tech applications. Herein, we highlight new development that promotes RTP emission of organic small molecules, high phosphorescent efficiency and long lifetime, via inter/intro-molecular halogen bonding.

Extensive auxiliary density functional theory (ADFT) computations were performed to study the most stable structures, stabilities and chemical reactivity toward O ₂ of bimetallic Ni _mCu _n ( m + n ≤ 6) clusters. The shape of the most stable structures changes as the number of Ni and Cu atoms of the system under study increases with a consequent change of the energy, magnetic and reactivity properties. All obtained minimum-energy structures for these bimetallic systems composed with three and four atoms possess triangular and rhombic structures, respectively. According to our computations, the most stable structures for Ni ₄Cu, Ni ₃Cu ₂, and Ni ₂Cu ₃ clusters are trigonal-bipyramidal, while, for the NiCu ₄ cluster, two structures were identified as the most stable (with planar and trigonal-bipyramidal structures, respectively). The most stable structure for the Ni ₅Cu cluster is octahedral, while for the Ni ₄Cu ₂, Ni ₃Cu ₃, Ni ₂Cu ₄, and NiCu ₅ clusters, an incomplete pentagonal bipyramid was found as the ground-state structure. For all cluster sizes, as the number of Cu atoms in the system increases, the magnetic moment per atom tended to decrease. The O ₂ adsorption on bimetallic Ni _mCu _n ( m + n = 6) clusters is more favored when O ₂ binds by a bridge-type bond. Moreover, our computations indicate that O ₂ is preferentially adsorbed on the Ni atoms of bimetallic Ni _mCu _n ( m + n = 6) clusters.

The results of the first tests aimed to assess antifouling activity of new AquaSun sol-gel paint coated on shipbuilding steel immersed in highly polluted port seawaters, compared to a state-of-the-art self-polishing commercial silyl acrylate antifouling topcoat containing high amounts of cuprous oxide and copper pyrithione, are promising.

The bandgap ( E_g) of conjugated materials effects a variety of critical properties such that efforts to control the bandgap have become a basic tenet in the design of conjugated polymers. One goal of such efforts is to minimize the E_g with the goal of producing technologically useful low bandgap ( E_g < 1.5 eV) polymers. This perspective will introduce the two primary approaches to low E_g polymers ( i.e., quinoidal systems and donor-acceptor frameworks) and discuss important new directions for both design principles.

Regioselective synthesis of carbohydrate building blocks by the application of biocatalytic approaches represents a convenient and sustainable way for the production of pharmaceuticals. The enormous potential of enzymes for the transformation of synthetic chemicals with high regioselectivity is on increasing awareness. This perspective focuses on showing some of the advances on the use of lipases engineering as immobilized catalyst for regioselective deprotection processes for potential industrial production glycoderivatives building blocks.

A two-dimensional layered metal-organic framework, [Eu(C ₂₆H ₁₅NO ₄)Cl] _n (EuCDDB), was synthesized by the reaction of EuCl ₃·6H ₂O and 4,4'-(9 H-carbazole-3,6-diyl)dibenzoic acid (H ₂CDDB) through one-pot solvothermal process, and characterized by several technologies of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectrum. The crystal structure reveals that hydrogen bonding interaction happens between NH groups and coordinated chloride ions from the adjacent coordination layers, meanwhile, well-opened one-dimensional channel allows the accommodation of water molecules. These characteristics endow EuCDDB with a considerable proton conductivity of 3.70 × 10 ^-6 S cm ^-1 under 90 °C and relative humidity of 90%. In addition, EuCDDB also exhibits turn-on luminescent sensing on DMF molecules by enhanced Eu ³⁺ red emission resulting from efficient ligand-to-metal energy transfer process.